Pharmacy PEBC Practice Exam

What is an opioid overdose, and what are its signs?

1. A condition characterized by increased energy and alertness

2. A life-threatening condition characterized by slowed breathing, unconsciousness, and pinpoint pupils

3. A mild reaction that needs no medical attention

4. A sign of addiction without physical symptoms

The correct answer is: A life-threatening condition characterized by slowed breathing, unconsciousness, and pinpoint pupils

An opioid overdose is indeed a life-threatening condition that arises from the excessive intake of opioid substances, leading to severe physiological effects. The hallmark signs of an opioid overdose include slowed or shallow breathing, which can be life-threatening due to a lack of oxygen. Unconsciousness is another critical sign, indicating that the person may not be responsive or aware of their surroundings, putting them at further risk. Additionally, pinpoint pupils—where the pupils are very small—are a classic sign associated with opioid use and overdose. Recognizing these signs is crucial because swift intervention is necessary to reverse the effects of an overdose, typically through the administration of naloxone, an opioid antagonist. The other options describe scenarios that do not accurately represent opioid overdose or its severity. For instance, increased energy and alertness are not associated with opioid use but rather with stimulants. A mild reaction requiring no medical attention misrepresents the serious nature of an overdose, and describing addiction without physical symptoms does not address the acute medical emergency that an overdose entails. Therefore, understanding the correct signs and risks of opioid overdose is essential for timely and effective response in emergencies.