Pharmacy PEBC Practice Exam

Which class of drugs is commonly used as antihypertensives?

1. Calcium channel blockers

2. Angiotensin II receptor blockers

3. Beta-blockers

4. Diuretics

The correct answer is: Angiotensin II receptor blockers

The selected answer, which identifies Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) as a class of drugs commonly used as antihypertensives, is indeed a key category in the management of high blood pressure. ARBs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict. By inhibiting this effect, ARBs lead to vasodilation, resulting in lower blood pressure. This mechanism makes them effective and well-tolerated options for treating hypertension. Moreover, ARBs are beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events and are often used in patients with specific conditions such as heart failure or chronic kidney disease, where controlling blood pressure is crucial. While ARBs are a significant class for this purpose, other classes mentioned also play a vital role in antihypertensive therapy. Calcium channel blockers can effectively lower blood pressure by inhibiting calcium influx into the vascular smooth muscle and cardiac cells, leading to relaxation and vasodilation. Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and cardiac output, which lowers blood pressure. Diuretics help in decreasing blood volume by promoting sodium and water excretion, thereby lowering blood pressure through volume reduction. Understanding the full spectrum of antihypertensive drug classes contributes to comprehensive patient care